{"id":17621,"date":"2024-12-08T11:07:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-08T07:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/story-of-coffee\/"},"modified":"2025-09-20T09:36:03","modified_gmt":"2025-09-20T06:06:03","slug":"story-of-coffee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/","title":{"rendered":"The Story of Coffee: From Cultivation to Roasting and Brewing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coffee\u2014a beloved and widely consumed beverage\u2014starts the day for millions of people around the globe. But what journey do these small, aromatic beans take to end up in our cups? Let\u2019s explore The Story of Coffee and the incredible journey it takes from farm to cup.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Story of Coffee is one of the most fascinating tales in the world of beverages. But do you know who discovered coffee and how this aromatic drink became a part of our lives? In this article, we\u2019ll look into the history of coffee, the world\u2019s coffee capital, and the best coffee-producing countries. We\u2019ll also explore the biography of coffee and its unique history in Iran.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Table of Contents of This Article<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #51002a;color:#51002a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #51002a;color:#51002a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#The_Beginning_of_the_Story_Who_Discovered_Coffee\" >The Beginning of the Story: Who Discovered Coffee?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Biography_of_Coffee_A_Journey_Through_Time\" >Biography of Coffee: A Journey Through Time<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Coffee_History_in_Iran\" >Coffee History in Iran<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Where_Is_the_Coffee_Capital_of_the_World\" >Where Is the Coffee Capital of the World?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Coffee_Cultivation\" >Coffee Cultivation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Coffee_Harvesting_and_Processing\" >Coffee Harvesting and Processing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Coffee_Roasting\" >Coffee Roasting<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Brewing_Coffee_and_the_Joy_of_Drinking\" >Brewing Coffee and the Joy of Drinking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Which_Country_Has_the_Best_Coffee\" >Which Country Has the Best Coffee?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/story-of-coffee\/#Coffee_Around_the_World_The_Story_of_Coffee_in_Modern_Times\" >Coffee Around the World: The Story of Coffee in Modern Times<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Beginning_of_the_Story_Who_Discovered_Coffee\"><\/span>The Beginning of the Story: Who Discovered Coffee?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">One morning in the 9th century, a shepherd named Kaldi noticed unusual behavior among his goats in the Ethiopian highlands. They were energetically drawn to green shrubs and began eating small red berries. Curious, Kaldi investigated the mysterious berries.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This moment marked the beginning of The Story of Coffee\u2014a tale that started with a chance discovery and grew into a global industry. Monks from a local monastery, intrigued by Kaldi\u2019s tale, experimented with the beans. They found that boiling the berries created a fragrant drink that helped them stay alert and energized during long hours of prayer.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">They named the drink &#8220;Buno,&#8221; meaning vitality. Over time, this name evolved into \u201cKaffa\u201d and eventually \u201ccoffee\u201d across different cultures.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1958\"><strong>Interesting Fact: Some historians believe that the discovery of coffee may have occurred in Yemen or modern-day Abyssinia. However, Kaldi&#8217;s legend remains the most popular version of The Story of Coffee.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1747\" data-end=\"1958\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biography_of_Coffee_A_Journey_Through_Time\"><\/span>Biography of Coffee: A Journey Through Time<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">To summarize the biography of coffee, we can trace its path through several key milestones:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Origin in Ethiopia:<\/strong> Discovery of wild coffee beans in African forests.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Flourishing in Yemen:<\/strong> Coffee became a revered drink in Sufi monasteries.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Expansion in the Middle East:<\/strong> Coffee gained popularity in Islamic regions like Iran, Egypt, and Turkey.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Arrival in Europe:<\/strong> Coffee was introduced as an elite beverage in Venice and London.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Global Conquest:<\/strong> Today, coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The biography of coffee illustrates that this drink is not just a food item but a cultural and historical phenomenon across civilizations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15945 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg\" alt=\"The Story of Coffee\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-400x233.jpg 400w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coffee_History_in_Iran\"><\/span>Coffee History in Iran<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The history of coffee in Iran dates back to the Safavid era, when coffeehouses served as important social hubs. People gathered in these places for:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Poetry readings<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Storytelling<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Hearing the news<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Socializing with friends<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Although tea eventually replaced coffee as the dominant beverage in Iranian culture, modern coffee shops and the rise of specialty coffee have brought a renewed interest in coffee consumption across the country.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"3279\">Moreover, Iran hosts several Premium coffee beans suppliers in Iran and has become a growing market for Roasted coffee brands in Iran, reflecting its expanding coffee culture.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"3279\">The history of coffee in Iran reflects the deep cultural and artistic ties Iranians have with this remarkable drink.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_Is_the_Coffee_Capital_of_the_World\"><\/span>Where Is the Coffee Capital of the World?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">When discussing coffee, people often ask: where is the coffee capital of the world? Several places lay claim to this title:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Brazil:<\/strong> The world\u2019s largest producer and leading exporter of coffee.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Seattle (USA):<\/strong> Home to brands like Starbucks and a hub for the third wave coffee movement.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Addis Ababa (Ethiopia):<\/strong> Considered the birthplace of coffee by many.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In terms of production and global export, Brazil holds the top position and is often referred to as the coffee capital of the world.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coffee_Cultivation\"><\/span>Coffee Cultivation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Every cup of coffee begins in lush, tropical farms near the equator. Coffee trees thrive in warm, humid climates with temperatures ranging from 16\u00b0C to 30\u00b0C. The cultivation of the two main species\u2014Arabica and Robusta\u2014requires specific conditions.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arabica, known for its delicate flavor and higher acidity, is grown at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,400 meters. Robusta, with its stronger taste and higher caffeine content, grows best at 600 to 1,000 meters.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Various factors influence the quality and taste of the coffee beans, including soil, rainfall, altitude, and even climate variations. Higher elevations result in slower-growing beans with more complex and refined flavors.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Parto Padideh<\/strong><\/a> Company, a pioneer in Iran\u2019s coffee industry, carefully selects premium coffee beans from these ideal growing regions to ensure superior quality.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15947 size-full\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" src=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0631\u0633\u062a-\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg\" alt=\"Coffee Roasting Method\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0631\u0633\u062a-\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0631\u0633\u062a-\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-400x233.jpg 400w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u0631\u0633\u062a-\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coffee_Harvesting_and_Processing\"><\/span>Coffee Harvesting and Processing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">At this point in The Story of Coffee, we move from cultivation to harvesting. Once the coffee cherries ripen, they are carefully picked\u2014either by hand or machine. The next step is separating the coffee beans from the fruit, using different processing methods.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the dry or natural process, cherries are sun-dried for several weeks, allowing the beans to absorb fruity and sweet notes. In contrast, the washed process involves removing the fruit flesh first, then soaking the beans in water for a few days. This method produces a cleaner, more acidic taste.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coffee_Roasting\"><\/span>Coffee Roasting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">After drying, green coffee beans undergo the critical phase of roasting. This stage transforms the raw beans through complex chemical reactions into the aromatic, flavorful form we know and love.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Roasting temperatures range between 180\u00b0C and 250\u00b0C and typically last from 8 to 15 minutes. During this time, sugars caramelize, oils are released, and fragrant compounds are formed.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Light roasts retain fruity and acidic characteristics, while darker roasts develop deeper, chocolatey and caramel flavors. The choice of roast level depends on personal preference and brewing method.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brewing_Coffee_and_the_Joy_of_Drinking\"><\/span>Brewing Coffee and the Joy of Drinking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The final chapter in The Story of Coffee is brewing and savoring the drink. Once roasted and ground, coffee is ready to be brewed. Each brewing method imparts a unique aroma, flavor, and texture:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Espresso: Made by forcing hot water through finely ground coffee under pressure, resulting in a rich, concentrated drink with crema.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour-over: Produces a clean, balanced flavor as hot water passes slowly through a filter.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">French Press: Creates a fuller body with more oils and texture.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Turkish Coffee: Popular in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, it is prepared by boiling finely ground coffee in water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Professional baristas understand the importance of precise variables: espresso should be brewed with water at 90\u00b0C\u201396\u00b0C and 9 bars of pressure for 15\u201325 seconds. Turkish coffee, on the other hand, relies on clean water, correct ratios, and brewing skill to achieve its unique taste.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15946 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg\" alt=\"Coffee Brewing\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-400x233.jpg 400w, https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc-\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Country_Has_the_Best_Coffee\"><\/span>Which Country Has the Best Coffee?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Many wonder, which country produces the best coffee? Here are some global leaders in high-quality coffee:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Ethiopia: The birthplace of coffee, offering fruity and floral flavors.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Yemen: Known for aged and complex-tasting beans.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Colombia: Famous for smooth, sweet coffee with great balance.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Brazil: Offers classic, well-rounded flavors and mass production.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Costa Rica: Specializes in premium beans with advanced processing methods.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ultimately, the answer to \u201cwhich country has the best coffee\u201d depends on your personal taste preferences.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coffee_Around_the_World_The_Story_of_Coffee_in_Modern_Times\"><\/span>Coffee Around the World: The Story of Coffee in Modern Times<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">For many, coffee is more than a beverage\u2014it plays a central role in global traditions and cultures. Scandinavian countries have the highest per capita consumption, exceeding 11 kilograms per person annually. In contrast, countries like China and Japan, traditionally tea-focused, are seeing rapid growth in coffee popularity, especially among younger generations.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beyond personal taste, The Story of Coffee is intertwined with culture and history. The first known coffeehouse in Iran, &#8220;Negar al-Saltaneh Cafe&#8221; in Qazvin, served as a cultural landmark. Even Persian scholars like Avicenna mentioned coffee in historical texts.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coffee also plays a significant role in global trade. According to Parto Padideh Company, the Iranian coffee market has seen remarkable growth. Customs data from 2024 indicates that green coffee imports into Iran exceeded 33 million kilograms, valued at $155 million. Projections estimate imports may reach 55,000 tons this year, reflecting a growing appetite for coffee among Iranians\u2014especially the younger population.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In conclusion, The Story of Coffee symbolizes the diversity and vibrancy of human culture. From remote farms to bustling urban caf\u00e9s, coffee carries stories, traditions, and the essence of connection across the globe.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Without a doubt, every sip of coffee represents the effort, craft, and evolution behind one of the world\u2019s most beloved drinks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Coffee\u2014a beloved and widely consumed beverage\u2014starts the day for millions of people around the globe. But what journey do these<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16974,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-culture-of-coffee-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17621"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18651,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17621\/revisions\/18651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/parto-padideh.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}